ls supports color coding your files/directories/symlinks. Set the CLICOLOR environment variable to enable:

You can customize the color by setting the LSCOLORS environment variable:

(On non-BSD Bash, the environment variable is LS_COLORS, and has a different syntax)
You can search for lscolors to find color schemes, or use an LSCOLORS Generator.
Store your preferred settings in your profile:
export CLICOLOR=true
export LSCOLORS=Gxfxcxdxbxegedabagacad
Learned while pairing with @jearvon.